Africa’s vast critical mineral resources are positioning the continent as an essential player in the global energy transition, with several countries developing strategic approaches to maximize economic benefits while ensuring sustainability.
The Democratic Republic of Congo continues to dominate global cobalt production, accounting for over 70% of supply, while also holding significant copper, lithium, and rare earth element deposits. Recent policy reforms have focused on increasing local processing capacity and improving mining governance standards.
South Africa remains the world’s largest platinum group metals producer, critical components for hydrogen fuel cells and catalytic converters. The country’s beneficiation strategy has attracted over $800 million in new processing investments aimed at capturing more value locally.
“Africa’s mineral wealth represents both opportunity and responsibility,” explains resources analyst Ibrahim Kamara. “The challenge is developing these resources in ways that create sustainable economic benefits while maintaining environmental integrity.”
Namibia and Zimbabwe have emerged as significant lithium producers, with both countries implementing policies requiring minimum local processing before export. These approaches have attracted battery component manufacturing investments that promise to create higher-value employment opportunities.
International partnerships are evolving, with new financing models emphasizing transparency, environmental standards, and community benefits. These “responsible sourcing” arrangements have proven particularly attractive to manufacturers facing increasing supply chain scrutiny.
Infrastructure development remains a critical enabler, with several regional power and transport corridor projects specifically designed to support mineral processing capacity.
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